The Moon is more than just a bright object in the sky—it's like a time machine from space, a master of the tides, and something that has captivated humans for thousands of years.
Basic Overview
- The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite.
- It orbits our planet at an average distance of about 384,400 kilometers.
- It's roughly one-quarter the size of Earth and has a diameter of 3,474 kilometers.
- Because the Moon rotates at the same speed it orbits Earth, we can only see one side of it from our planet.
Phases & Appearance
- The Moon goes through different phases—like new moon, crescent, quarter, gibbous, and full moon—depending on where it is in relation to Earth and the Sun.
- It doesn't make its own light; instead, it reflects sunlight, which is why it appears bright at night.
Surface & Composition
- The dark areas on the Moon's surface, called lunar maria, were formed by ancient volcanic activity.
- The Moon's surface has many craters, which were created by billions of years of asteroid impacts.
- It has a very thin atmosphere, so it can't support life or keep in any air we might breathe
Influence on Earth
- The Moon's gravity causes the tides in Earth's oceans.
- It also helps keep Earth's axis tilted at a steady angle, which is important for maintaining our climate over long periods.
Exploration Highlights
- The Apollo missions were the first to land humans on the Moon.
- NASA astronauts brought back over 842 pounds of rocks and soil.
- For a long time, the far side of the Moon was unknown until a Soviet spacecraft passed by it in 1959.
- More than 105 spacecraft have explored the Moon since then.
Origin Story
- The most widely accepted theory about the Moon's origin is the giant-impact hypothesis.
- It suggests that a large object, about the size of Mars, collided with Earth, and the debris from that crash eventually formed the Moon.
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